Fig. 8

VSIG2 phosphorylated mTORC1, which contained mTOR, through the oncogenic effects of the Ragulator complex containing LAMTOR2. A GEPIA (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/) database predicted the component sections of Ragulator complex including LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4, LAMTOR5 were all highly expressed in PDAC compared to normal tissues, while the expression of MTOR had no difference between PDAC and normal pancreas tissues. B Compared with the expression level of VSIG2 under normal physiological conditions, when the expression of VSIG2 in PDAC cells was upregulated, VSIG2 can act as a scaffold to simultaneously play a recruitment effect on Ragulator and mTORC1, thus enhancing the interaction between mTORC1 and Ragulator complex including LAMTOR2. Subsequently, a large amount of mTORC1 was directed by Ragulator to the small GTPase Rheb, where phosphorylated activation of mTOR was increased and further initiated the malignant progression of PDAC