Fig. 3

Impaired efferocytosis in SAVs-treated wounds. A Representative images of TUNEL assay (red: apoptotic cells, blue: nucleus) and quantitative results of TUNEL-positive cells around wound sites. B WB analysis of cleaved and total caspase-3 expression. C SLC7A11 expression in skin lysates of BEVs-treated mice (n = 3, left panel) and SAVs-treated BMDMs (right panel). D Localization of F4/80⁺ macrophages (red) and capturing apoptotic (cleaved caspase-3 (CASP 3)-positive) bodies (green). Scale bar = 100 μm. E Expression of TNFA, IL6, IL1B, and iNOS genes in the skin lysates of unwounded and wounded mice from PBS, SAVs, or S. aureus treated mice (n = 4). F A schematic diagram of efferocytosis assay. G Representative histograms and efferocytosis after various (PBS, SAVs, SAVs + RvD1, or RvD1) treatments. H A schematic diagram of wound healing models (n = 5). I Representative images of skin wounds. J Wound healing dynamics of WT mice treated with PBS, SAVs, SAVs + RvD1, or RvD1. K HE staining of skin wound sites of mice from different groups on day 10. The heavy red brackets indicate the size of the wound area. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 (compared to the control group). #, p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001 (compared to the (A-C, G & J) SAVs- or (E) PBS-treated wounded mice)