Fig. 3

Brief schematic models of common DNA damage repair pathways. DNA double-strand break (DSB) and single-strand break (SSB) represent two prevalent and critical forms of DNA damage, and numerous repair pathways have been studied extensively. A and B In the case of DSB, homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are commonly employed repair methods. HRR boasts a high-fidelity repair mechanism, whereas NHEJ frequently results in the deletion of DNA bases in the majority of instances. C and D For SSB, base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) are frequently utilized repair methods. BER is relatively straightforward, whereas NER is more intricate