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Table 1 Clinical trials using AR agonists or antagonists in patients with impaired muscle function or sarcopenia. DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone; 11KA4: 11-Ketoandrostenedione; TRT: testosterone replacement therapy; ADT: androgen deprivation therapy; PC: prostate cancer

From: Androgens as the “old age stick” in skeletal muscle

Intervention/treatment

Study name

Condition/disease

Development stage

Study number

Androgen replacement

Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia and Metabolic Changes in Aging

Sarcopenia

Completed

NCT00254371

AndroGel (Testosterone gel), Anastozole (Aromatase Inhibitor)

Effect of Aromatase Inhibition Versus testosterone in older Men with low testosterone: randomized-controlled trial

Hypogonadism, Diabetes, Sarcopenia, Osteoporosis, depression

Completed

NCT00104572

DHEA, 11KA4

DIMOXIS

Insulin resistance, Endocrine System Disease

Recruiting

NCT05263557

ADT

Investigation bone and skeletal muscle interaction in man with prostate cancer

PC

Completed

NCT03386812

Testosterone Undecanoate + exercise training

Does human skeletal muscle possess an epigenetic memory of testosterone?

Healthy Aging, Age-related Sacopenia, Testosterone Deficiency

Phase II/III

NCT05964920

Testosterone enanthate

A study to evaluate a skeletal-muscle microbiopsy technique with dynamic proteomic measurement in healthy male volunteers

Cachexia

Completed

NCT01962454

Testosterone enanthate/ Finasteride

Testosterone plus Finasteride treatment after spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury, Trauma, Nervus system, Wound and injures, Gonadal Disorders, Endocrine System Disease, Hypogonadism, Genital disease (Male)

Completed

NCT02248701

AndroGel (Testosterone gel)

The Testosterone Trial in Older Men

Andropause

Completed

NCT00799617

Testosterone gel

TOM: Testosterone in Older Men with Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia, Hypogonadism, Muscular Diseases

Terminated

NCT00240981

AndroGel (Testosterone gel)

A Study to Evaluate the Effect of TRT on the Incidence of Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MAGE) and Efficacy Measures in Hypogonadal Men (TRAVERSE)

Cardiovascular disease, Hypogonadism

Completed

NCT03518034

MK-0773

A phase IIA randomized, placebo- controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy and safety of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), MK- 0773 in female partecipants with sarcopenia

Sarcopenia

Completed

NCT00529659