Fig. 5

LPS modulates the tight junction barrier in Calu-3 cells, which can be attenuated by CVB4-57. a Relative TEER of cells cultivated on transwell inserts and treated for 3.5 h with 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL or 1 µg/mL LPS compared to control conditions (n = transwell inserts). One-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05 *, p < 0.01 ** vs. control). b Exemplary TEER Measurement over 24 h of cells cultivated on transwell inserts treated with 1 µg/mL LPS ± 5 µM CVB4-57 or CVB4-57 alone. Red arrow: analyzed time point shown in c. c Relative TEER of cells cultivated on transwell inserts 3 h after treatment with 1 µg/mL ± LPS 5 µM CVB4-57 or CVB4-57 alone (n = transwell inserts). One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.001 *** vs. control; p < 0.001 ### vs. LPS). d Exemplary TEER measurement of repetitive treatment with 10 ng/mL LPS ± 5 µM CVB4-57 every 24 h for a total time of 72 h (1st, 2nd, 3rd application). Red arrow: analyzed time point shown in e. e Relative TEER of cells cultivated on transwell inserts 24 h after the 3rd treatment with 1 µg/mL LPS ± 5 µM CVB4-57 or CVB4-57 alone (n = transwell inserts). One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05 * vs. control)